Ngokwembono yejografi yaseTshayina, indawo yaseTeochew ikumazantsi ePhondo laseGuangdong, inezixeko ezithathu zaseChaozhou, iShantou kunye neJieyang. Babiza abantu babo ukuba gaginan. Abantu baseTeochew bahlala kumazantsi eTshayina malunga neminyaka eyi-1,700,wkunye nenkcubeko yabo eyodwa kunye nolwimi.
Olunye lweempawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zabantu baseTeochew sisithuku sorhwebo kunye norhwebo, akukhathaliseki nokuba yivenkile yokutya ekufutshane okanye iqumrhu lezizwe ngezizwe. Phakathi koosomashishini abaninzi abaziwayo be-Chaozhou, eyona nto ibetha kakhulu ngu-Li Ka-shing, oyindoda ecebileyo e-Hongkong, kunye no-Ma Huateng, umsunguli we-Tencent, owadala yonke injongo ye-WeChat kunye ne-QQ yokunxibelelana.
Ukuqwalasela ukuba uninzi lwabantu baseTeochow bahlala okanye kude nonxweme, akumangalisi ukuba i-Teochows yaba ngabahloli bolwandle abanesibindi, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufudukeni kwesibini okukhulu, okwenzeka ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1,000 emva kokuqala.
Emva kweMfazwe yokuQala ye-Opium, abantu abaninzi abavela e-Chaoshan bashiya i-China, ngokusebenzisa amazibuko amane omnqophiso awasekwa ngabahlaseli baseBritani yonke indlela yokushiya ikhaya ukuze baphile kwaye bafumane ubomi obungcono, ngokuyintloko eGuangzhou & Shantou.Bathumela iileta kunye nemali xhasa usapho ekhaya.
Iqela leTekhnoloji yaseTshayina eSingapore lifumene ngo-1994 ukuba i-Teochews diaspora ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1800 ikhokelela kwinzala yabo isasazeka kuwo wonke amazantsi-mpuma e-Asia, Kwakukho i-5,000,000 eThailand, i-800,000 eMalaysia nase-Indonesia, i-500,000 eSingapore, i-200,000 e-Vietnam nase-Cambodia, i-0000 yase-USA. , 150,000 eFransi kunye ne-100,000 eCanada.Namhlanje le datha kufuneka ikhuliswe.
Maxa wambi amaTeochow abizwa ngokuba ngamaYuda aseMpuma, gama elo elayilwa liphephandaba laseThailand emva kokuba uKumkani uRama VI waseThailand ewancoma amaTeochew “ngobuzwe basebukhosini nobukrelekrele babo kwimibandela yemali.” . Ucalucalulo kunye nokucalucalulwa kwamaYuda aseYurophu kuyafana. ubukhulu becala kungenxa yempembelelo yabo yezoqoqosho
Ulwimi lwe-Teochow sesinye sezona lwimi zindala nezigcinwe kakuhle zesiTshayina kweli lizwe. Abantu be-Chaoshan banesiko lokubingelela kwizinyanya kunye noothixo babo abaninzi.Kwi-Chaozhou cuisine kukho ukutya okuninzi kwaselwandle, kwaye kukho iinkcubeko zokutya ezizodwa ezifana ne-Satay sauce kunye neti ye-kung fu.
Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 inzala kaTeochow kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye abantu baseChaoshan baziwa ngokusebenza nzima kunye nobuchule boshishino. Egazini labo ukuqhuba iimpawu zemveli zaseTshayina - inkuthalo, ukusebenza nzima kunye nomanyano.
Uninzi lweTeochows ngamadoda amashishini amakhulu kwihlabathi.Iqela le-Chaoshan Merchant lidume ngomoya walo wobuvulindlela kwaye lelinye lamaqela alishumi amashishini aphezulu eTshayina. Ingqikelelo ethi "Ibhanti elinye, iNdlela enye" izise ukukhula kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kwaye oosomashishini baseTeochow kwihlabathi liphela namhlanje bafumana amaqabane oshishino amaninzi.
Izinto ezisisiseko ezikhokelela kwimpumelelo yoosomashishini baseTeochow mhlawumbi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Abantu be-Chaoshan bayakwazi ukunyamezela ubunzima. Abantu be-Chaoshan baye bahlakulela umkhwa wokunyamezela ubunzima kunye nokugcina indlu ukususela ebuntwaneni babo. Xa befumana ubunzima ekuqaliseni ishishini, nabo baya kuzola kwaye banyamezele, ebeya kufuna indlela entsha ukuba indlela ayisebenzanga, ade ahambe kakuhle.
2. Baqwalasela iziphumo zayo yonke into kwaye balungele ukuhlehla njengoko belungiselela indlela ebuyayo. Enyanisweni, xa ugqiba ukwenza into ethile, kufuneka ube nesicwangciso sokwenziwa kwesiganeko emva koko. kwaye wenze kucace ukuba isiphumo siya kuba yintoni, indlela yokusombulula iingxaki xa iimeko zisiba mbi.
3.Banesibindi sokuphonononga kunye nokulwa. Omnye umzekelo ngokaLi Ka-shing, eyona ndoda isisityebi eHong Kong. Wayevela eChaozhou. Wafudukela eHong Kong nosapho lwakhe xa wayekwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, waza kamva waqalisa ishishini apho, elaye laba likhulu ngokuthe ngcembe. Kule nkqubo, naye wafumana ubunzima obuninzi kunye nobunzima. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba asishiye isikolo ukuze ondle usapho lwakhe, wasebenza njengomfundi, njengonobhala kwivenkile yokulinda. Ngobuchule bakhe boshishino, kamva naye waseka umzi-mveliso weplastiki, othe wanda ngokucothayo kwimpumelelo yanamhlanje. Ngalo lonke ixesha esenza inyathelo eliya phambili, kwakufuneka axhaswe ngumoya wakhe wobuganga.
4. Ingqondo yoshishino eyomeleleyo. Abantu abaninzi be-Chaoshan banengqondo eqinileyo yeshishini. Kumntu onokwenza imali okanye usomashishini ophumeleleyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nengqondo elungileyo yeshishini. Kuya kunceda xa wenza imali okanye uqala ishishini, ukuthatha inyathelo elifanelekileyo, ukuze ukwazi ngokusebenzisa le nyathelo-nge-nyathelo lokuqokelela, ukudala ikusasa elibanzi kakhulu.
Phakathi kwezixeko ezithathu ze-Chaoshan, iShantou lizibuko lezorhwebo iminyaka eli-162, kwaye ishishini layo kunye norhwebo luphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ishishini lokuprinta kunye nokupakisha lelinye lamashishini eentsika zoqoqosho lwaseShantou. Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-35 yokusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso, iye yenza ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso kunye nenkqubo yolwakhiwo eneendidi ezipheleleyo, ulwakhiwo olusondeleyo lwemizi-mveliso kunye neenzuzo zobugcisa obuphezulu. I-Shantou iye yaba yenye yezona zinto zinkulu zokushicilela kunye nokupakisha ifilimu yelizwe, isiseko sokuthengisa kunye nesinye seziseko ezintathu zokushicilela zelizwe.
Ishishini lokuprinta kunye nokupakishwa kweShantou likhula ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, i-Shantou ihambele phambili kuneendawo ezininzi zelizwe kushicilelo lwe-offset, ushicilelo lwe-rotogravure, ushicilelo lwe-intaglio, ushicilelo lwesikrini, ushicilelo olukhethekileyo, kuzo zonke iintlobo zetekhnoloji yoyilo lokupakisha, ukuprinta kunye noomatshini bokupakisha.ukuvelisa, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zangaphambili & zasemva koshicilelo kwinqanaba lobuchwepheshe, imathiriyeli yokupakisha ifilim, imathiriyeli yoshicilelo, ukuveliswa kwinqanaba lobuchwepheshe kunye nobukhulu beqela leshishini.
Idolophu ekufutshane ne-Anbu iphantsi kolawulo lwe-Chaozhou, yaziwa ngokuba "yidolophu yokuqala yaseTshayina yokupakishwa okuguquguqukayo", "ubukumkani bokupakisha", kunye neShantou benza uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, ukuze oosomashishini bamanye amazwe abavela kwihlabathi liphela ukuba babonelele ngokuthenga. lula kunye nokurhweba ngaphandle kunye neendlela zokurhweba ngaphandle. ShantouHONGZElolo hlobo lokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle Co., LTD.www.stblossom.com, edibanisa ishishini kunye norhwebo njengombutho omnye. Nangona siphantsi kwemeko emandundu yobhubhane, siyabamkela abathengi baphesheya kunye namashishini ukuba adibane kwaye athenge nathi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana ukuze siphumelele intsebenziswano.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-12-2022
